Diet is the most important element in the treatment of gastritis.Depending on certain characteristics of the disease, for example, acidity of the stomach, as well as the presence of erosive, atrophic and other forms, the diet may vary depending on what can and cannot be included in the menu.
If a person has an unbalanced diet, periodically drinks alcohol, smokes and is subject to frequent and intense stress, he will inevitably develop a pathology such as gastritis.It is a disease that causes inflammation of the gastric mucosa, thereby compromising its integrity.As a result, various unpleasant symptoms appear, the main of which is sharp pain in the upper abdomen.Additionally, bloating, belching, nausea and vomiting appear, appetite decreases or completely disappears, which often leads to weight loss.Gastritis of the stomach comes in different forms, including those that can be caused by an infectious environment, but in any case, successful treatment requires a healthy diet.You should not only change your diet, decide what you can and cannot eat, but also change the principles of nutrition itself, framing it with a stable menu for the whole week, dividing the total amount of food into 5-6 meals.During an exacerbation, the diet must be tightened;in addition, there are certain nuances whether gastritis is characterized by high or low acidity.
What is possible and what is not allowed for gastritis?
The main dietary differences will be determined by the level of acidity.Which indicator is determined for a particular patient during diagnosis before treatment.
Increased acidity
In case of increased acidity, which happens most often, you should follow three basic principles:
- Mechanical.It sets out a ban on fried foods;in addition, coarse fibers are not allowed, such as bran bread, rutabaga, turnips and meat streaks.
- Chemical.It states that you should avoid foods that promote the secretion of hydrochloric acid necessary for the digestion process, for example sodas, alcohol and citrus fruits.In addition, concentrated rich broths made from meat and fish are prohibited.
- Thermal.This involves eating foods at optimal temperatures, usually between 16 and 55 degrees Celsius.If the food is hotter or colder, gastritis causes irritation of the esophagus, which leads to an increased duration of absorption of food and, therefore, increased stress on the stomach.
If the stomach environment is characterized as acidic, then low-fat fish and meat, fermented milk products, eggs, which can be served in an omelet or boiled boiled form, are suitable for nutrition.Additionally, the diet may contain peeled tomatoes, boiled zucchini, potatoes, etc.
Low acidity
A diet for gastritis with reduced acidity includes foods that promote greater release of enzymes that provide digestion.To do this, it is also important to standardize the procedure of food consumption.This must be done slowly;it is important to spend at least half a minute chewing a portion of food and the eating process should last at least half an hour.Significantly improves the secretion of hydrochloric acid by drinking lightly carbonated mineral water;you need to drink 200 ml of this water each time before meals.Various fruits and vegetables are allowed, which should be consumed immediately after the end of the meal, since snacking is not allowed in the diet.Fruits and vegetables should be chosen light, according to the principle of the absence of hard fibers.To further facilitate the digestion process, it is better to peel the fruits in advance and eat only the pulp.
Low acidity has some advantages over high acidity.A small amount of chocolate products, light soups and broths as well as river fish, mushrooms and lean meats, especially rabbit and veal, are acceptable.Milk derivatives are allowed, but it is better to avoid milk itself.
What is not allowed?
If you suffer from gastritis with any acidity, you should not consume:
- Cooking;
- Chocolate products;
- Fried and spicy foods;
- Alcoholic beverages;
- Foods rich in vegetable or animal fats;
- Vinegar.
How to eat during an exacerbation - menu for the week
In case of exacerbation, a compromise must be found and the body receives all the necessary nutrients and microelements, but the diet is neutral and does not irritate the mucous membrane if it is inflamed.In this situation, digestion must be helped as much as possible so that it happens very quickly.To do this, you should try to chop all foods as much as possible and use only boiling or steaming for cooking.
It is important to make the developed menu not only balanced and gentle, but also to strictly adhere to it, eating at a strictly defined time every day.The intervals between doses cannot exceed three hours, otherwise the stomach will empty and the exacerbation will only intensify.It cannot be transported because it causes gastric stagnation.In the evening, you should eat no later than three to four hours before bedtime.
Oddly enough, during a period of exacerbation, it is recommended to spend the first day on an empty stomach.However, the stomach still needs to be full.To do this, you need to drink plenty of plain water and weakly brewed tea.Any liquid you drink should be warm.From the second day, liquid porridge and mashed potatoes with water are allowed.Additionally, boiled eggs and non-concentrated soup with grated vegetables will be useful.When gastritis worsens, foods high in fat should be completely excluded from the diet, since their breakdown is very slow.
Menu of the week
Monday and Wednesday:
- Breakfast of oatmeal and compote;
- The second time you can have breakfast with steamed cheesecakes;
- Lunch consists of mashed potatoes, vegetable soup with breadcrumbs, boiled fish, compote;
- Afternoon snack – light tea biscuits;
- Dinner - a side dish of pasta with steamed lean meat cutlets, light tea.
Tue, Thursday, Saturday:
- Breakfast consists of baked apples, cheesecakes and compote;
- The second time you should have breakfast with a glass of jelly;
- You need to have lunch with vegetable broth, steamed fish, mineral water from gases;
- An afternoon snack is allowed with light unsweetened tea with white bread crackers;
- For dinner, cottage cheese casserole and compote.
Friday, Sunday:
- You should have breakfast with eggs boiled for 5-6 minutes, washed down with compote;
- For the second breakfast, eat cheesecakes with tea;
- Lunch consisting of vegetable stew, grated potato soup, jelly;
- Afternoon snack – a glass of kefir with crackers;
- Dinner should consist of boiled fish with porridge in water.
Diet #1 for gastritis
Diet #1 is considered quite strict.However, its use is a necessary measure, since the restoration of normal digestion and non-irritation of the gastric mucosa are very important in case of gastritis or if a person has an ulcer.This diet is prescribed after the end of the exacerbation phase of the disease.Among the cooking methods, only boiling, steaming and baking can be used.It is extremely important to reduce the amount of salt consumed, since its presence negatively affects the condition of the inner surface of the stomach;In addition, salt slows down the elimination of water from the body.
Diet #1 involves dividing the entire daily diet into five to six small portions.The total amount of calories consumed cannot exceed 2,000.
Among the main dishes that should be included in diet No. 1 are:
- Vegetable soup.The vegetable base can be replaced with vermicelli or rice;
- Lean meat and fish without veins and other difficult-to-digest elements;
- Bread products should be eaten yesterday, dried, but also in the form of crackers.
In moderation, you can eat fermented milk products, for example, cottage cheese, yogurt, skimmed milk.
Cannot be consumed with diet #1:
- Rye bread;
- Soups made from mushrooms and meat - you will have to give up okroshka, borscht, cabbage soup;
- Smoked products;
- Pickles;
- Fish and other canned foods.
Diet for erosive form
Gastritis is said to be erosive when the action of the disease causes gastric erosion, called an ulcer.An ulcer is a more serious disease that can lead to very serious consequences, including peritonitis, when erosion of the wall gradually leads to a through hole, resulting in the contents of the stomach entering the abdominal cavity.This situation is fraught with fatal consequences without urgent surgical treatment.
The causes of erosion, as well as the effect of Helicobacter Pylori infection, are exposure to substances or excessively acidic gastric juice.So, in case of erosive gastritis, it is very important to eat right to slow down and reverse the process of ulcer formation.
Here are the principles on which the diet should be based if the patient suffers from erosive gastritis:
- The foods consumed should irritate the stomach wall as little as possible and prevent an increase in acidity;
- You need to eat liquid, warm and pureed foods regularly.At the same time, it is necessary to minimize the amount of fat and salt in the diet;
- Refusal of bad habits, spices, sodas;
- Vegetables should be cooked using heat treatment;
- In the diet, the emphasis should be on soups and cereals.
Diet and menu if the patient has atrophic gastritis
The atrophic form is relatively difficult to diagnose, since there are no symptoms at the beginning of the pathology.Among the few signs of the disease, we can note the presence of belching after fried and fatty foods, which smell very unpleasant.In addition, the inevitable companions of atrophic gastritis are a general state of weakness, brittle legs and hair, and skin problems.
Atrophic gastritis imposes serious restrictions on the list of what is possible and what is not.In your diet, you must avoid:
- Black baked goods, baked goods;
- Smoked dishes;
- Mushrooms in all forms;
- Peas, beans;
- Canned food;
- Raw fruits and vegetables;
- Soda, including mineral water;
- Milk.
Like other diets for gastritis, during the atrophic phase, cooking methods such as frying and smoking are completely prohibited.To get food ready to eat, you can boil it, steam it, or bake it.
In case of atrophic gastritis, it is important to eat:
- Soups made from grated vegetables;
- Various porridges on water;
- Boiled lean meat, very finely chopped;
- Skimmed milk derivatives;
- Hard-boiled eggs;
- Unleavened white bread, crackers;
- Heat-treated fruits and vegetables;
- Butter;
- For dessert, you can treat yourself to marmalade, jelly and mousse.